Dr. Shibrah Rafaqat

Dr. Shibrah Rafaqat, MBBS, is an accomplished medical educator and writer with 4+ years of experience teaching anatomy and histology at King Edward Medical Univeristy and Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore. A graduate of Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, one of Pakistan’s biggest and oldest medical institutions, she is dedicated to training future doctors and making complex medical knowledge accessible to the public.

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Benzodiazepine Overdose: Signs, Risks, and Treatment

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are some of the most prescribed drug classes worldwide. They are used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, and...

Methemoglobinemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood. MetHb is a form of hemoglobin (Hb)...

Venous Insufficiency: Causes, Signs, and Care Guide

Venous insufficiency occurs due to impaired venous return from the lower extremities. It can be caused by valvular dysfunction, obstruction, or both. The condition...

Erythroblastosis Fetalis: When Immunity Turns Against the Fetus

Erythroblastosis Fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), is a largely preventable condition. It’s a serious and potentially life-threatening...