Urology

Bladder Fistula: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Bladder Fistula is a pathological condition characterised by the formation of an abnormal connection between the urinary bladder and another organ or structure. This...

Radiation Cystitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief

Radiation cystitis is inflammation of the bladder lining caused by radiation therapy, most commonly administered for pelvic cancers such as prostate, cervical, rectal, or...

Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Rare But Serious Condition

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disorder characterized by the development of fibrous tissue and chronic inflammation within the retroperitoneum. The retroperitoneum is a...

Hematospermia – A Comprehensive Guide to Blood in Semen

Hematospermia, or the presence of blood in semen, may appear as pink, red, or brown discoloration during ejaculation. While it can be alarming, especially...