Kidneys and Bladder

Lactic Acidosis: Diagnosis and Management

Lactic acidosis is a condition characterized by excess lactic acid in the body, which may arise due to excess production or underutilization of lactate...

Glomerulonephritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Glomerulonephritis is a kidney condition that occurs when the glomeruli—the tiny filtering units within the kidneys—become inflamed due to various causes. Kidneys have many...

Goodpasture’s Syndrome: Autoimmunity Gone Wrong

Goodpasture's Syndrome, more accurately referred to today as anti-GBM disease, is a rare autoimmune small vessel vasculitis. In this condition, the immune system produces...

Cystoscopy: Procedure, Purpose, and What to Expect

Cystoscopy is the procedure for visually inspecting the inside of your bladder and urethra. Healthcare professionals perform it using a thin, flexible or rigid...

Angiomyolipoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Angiomyolipomas are benign tumors composed of an abnormal mixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue, and fat cells. In the human body, cells divide...

Glomerular Disease: Causes, Effects & Management

Glomerular disease refers to a set of diseases that affect the filtering elements of the kidney, the glomeruli. Damaged glomeruli cannot filter the blood,...