Kidneys and Bladder

Bladder Fistula: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Bladder Fistula is a pathological condition characterised by the formation of an abnormal connection between the urinary bladder and another organ or structure. This...

Radiation Cystitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief

Radiation cystitis is inflammation of the bladder lining caused by radiation therapy, most commonly administered for pelvic cancers such as prostate, cervical, rectal, or...

Urolithiasis Explained: A Guide to Kidney Stones

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, refers to the formation of hard mineral and salt deposits within the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters,...

Lactic Acidosis: Diagnosis and Management

Lactic acidosis is a condition characterized by excess lactic acid in the body, which may arise due to excess production or underutilization of lactate...

Glomerulonephritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Glomerulonephritis is a kidney condition that occurs when the glomeruli—the tiny filtering units within the kidneys—become inflamed due to various causes. Kidneys have many...

Goodpasture’s Syndrome: Autoimmunity Gone Wrong

Goodpasture's Syndrome, more accurately referred to today as anti-GBM disease, is a rare autoimmune small vessel vasculitis. In this condition, the immune system produces...